What is a common issue that occurs when there is an audio loop between a speaker and a microphone?

When a microphone picks up sound from a speaker, it can create a feedback loop where the sound is continuously amplified. This results in an audio phenomenon known as feedback. Feedback occurs when the audio signal from the microphone to the speaker creates a loop that increases in volume, often leading to a high-pitched screeching or ringing sound. This happens because the microphone captures the sound emitted by the speaker, sends it to the amplifier, which then reinforces it through the speaker, creating a cycle that can escalate in loudness.

Distortion, echo, and static may happen in audio setups, but they arise from different causes. Distortion typically occurs when a signal exceeds the maximum level a system can handle. Echo is a delayed sound that reflects off surfaces and returns to the listener, while static is usually caused by interference or poor connections in the audio signal. Feedback is specifically tied to the conditions of having a microphone and speaker positioned too closely, allowing the cycle of sound to loop effectively.