What does the term "head room" refer to in framing a shot?

The term "head room" refers specifically to the space above a subject's head within the frame of a shot. Proper head room is important for balancing the composition of the shot and ensuring that the subject does not appear cramped or too small within the frame. It helps maintain a sense of proportion and can significantly influence the viewer's perception of the subject. Having adequate head room allows for a natural look, as it gives breathing space over the subject's head, creating a more aesthetically pleasing image. In contrast, insufficient head room can make the composition feel off-balance and distract from the intended focus of the shot.