What does a smaller f-stop number indicate in camera settings?

A smaller f-stop number indicates a larger aperture in camera settings. The f-stop scale measures the size of the lens opening through which light passes. When the f-stop number is smaller, it means the aperture is wider, allowing more light to hit the sensor. This can be particularly advantageous in low-light situations, as it enables the camera to capture a brighter image without needing to increase the ISO or reduce shutter speed.

Additionally, a larger aperture can result in a shallower depth of field, which is often used in portrait photography to create a pleasing bokeh effect where the background is out of focus, highlighting the subject. However, in the context of the question, the key takeaway is that a smaller f-stop number directly corresponds to a larger aperture, enhancing the camera's ability to gather light.